Number

Pupils should be able to:

• Read, write, order and compare numbers to at least 1 000 000 and determine the value of each digit
• Count forwards or backwards in steps of powers of 10 for any given number up to 1 000 000
• Interpret negative numbers in context, count forwards and backwards with positive and negative whole numbers, including through zero
• Round any number up to 1 000 000 to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 and 100 000
• Solve number problems and practical problems that involve all of the above
• Read Roman numerals to 1000 (M) and recognise years written in Roman numerals.

Addition (+) and Subtraction (-)

Pupils should be able to:

• Add and subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction)
• Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers
• Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

Multiplication (x) and Division (÷)

Pupils should be able to:

• Identify multiples and factors, including finding all factor pairs of a number, and common factors of two numbers
• Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors and composite (non-prime) numbers
• Establish whether a number up to 100 is prime and recall prime numbers up to 19
• Multiply numbers up to 4 digits by a one- or two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers
• Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts
• Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a one-digit number using the formal written method of short division and interpret remainders appropriately for the context
• Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100 and 1000
• Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (2) and cubed (3)
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division including using their knowledge of factors and multiples, squares and cubes
• Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these, including understanding the meaning of the equals sign
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates.

Statistics

Pupils should be able to:

• Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in a line graph
• Complete, read and interpret information in tables, including timetables.

Measurement

Pupils should be able to:

• Convert between different units of metric measure (for example, kilometre and metre; centimetre and metre; centimetre and millimetre; gram and kilogram; litre and millilitre)
• Understand and use approximate equivalences between metric units and common imperial units such as inches, pounds and pints.
• Measure and calculate the perimeter of composite rectilinear shapes in centimetres and metres
• Calculate and compare the area of rectangles (including squares), and including using standard units, square centimetres (cm2) and square metres (m2) and estimate the area of irregular shapes
• Estimate volume [for example, using 1 cm3 blocks to build cuboids (including cubes)] and capacity [for example, using water]
• Solve problems involving converting between units of time
• Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [for example, length, mass, volume, money] using decimal notation, including scaling.

Shape

Pupils should be able to:

Properties:

• Identify 3-D shapes, including cubes and other cuboids, from 2-D representations
• Know angles are measured in degrees: estimate and compare acute, obtuse and reflex angles draw given angles, and measure them in degrees (o)

Identify:

• angles at a point and one whole turn (total 360o)
• angles at a point on a straight line and   a turn (total 180o)
• other multiples of 90o
• Use the properties of rectangles to deduce related facts and find missing lengths and angles
• Distinguish between regular and irregular polygons based on reasoning about equal sides and angles.

Position and direction:

• Identify, describe and represent the position of a shape following a reflection or translation, using the appropriate language, and know that the shape has not changed.

Fractions

Pupils should be able to:

• Compare and order fractions whose denominators are all multiples of the same number
• Identify, name and write equivalent fractions of a given fraction, represented visually, including tenths and hundredths
• Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number [for example,   +   =   = 1 ]
• Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and denominators that are multiples of the same number
• Multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by materials and diagrams
• Read and write decimal numbers as fractions [for example, 0.71 =  ]
• Recognise and use thousandths and relate them to tenths, hundredths and decimal equivalents
• Round decimals with two decimal places to the nearest whole number and to one decimal place
• Read, write, order and compare numbers with up to three decimal places
• Solve problems involving number up to three decimal places
• Recognise the per cent symbol (%) and understand that per cent relates to ‘number of parts per hundred’, and write percentages as a fraction with denominator 100, and as a decimal
• Solve problems which require knowing percentage and decimal equivalents of  ,  ,  ,  ,   and those fractions with a denominator of a multiple of 10 or 25.